| 1 | NSASCIIStringEncoding | Western (ASCII) | US-ASCII |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | NSNEXTSTEPStringEncoding | Western (NextStep) | X-NEXTSTEP |
| 3 | NSJapaneseEUCStringEncoding | Japanese (EUC) | EUC-JP |
| 4 | NSUTF8StringEncoding | Unicode (UTF-8) | UTF-8 |
| 5 | NSISOLatin1StringEncoding | Western (ISO Latin 1) | ISO-8859-1 |
| 6 | NSSymbolStringEncoding | Symbol (Mac OS) | X-MAC-SYMBOL |
| 7 | NSNonLossyASCIIStringEncoding | Non-lossy ASCII | |
| 8 | NSShiftJISStringEncoding | Japanese (Windows, DOS) | CP932 |
| 9 | NSISOLatin2StringEncoding | Central European (ISO Latin 2) | ISO-8859-2 |
| 10 | NSUnicodeStringEncoding | Unicode (UTF-16) | UTF-16 |
| 11 | NSWindowsCP1251StringEncoding | Cyrillic (Windows) | WINDOWS-1251 |
| 12 | NSWindowsCP1252StringEncoding | Western (Windows Latin 1) | WINDOWS-1252 |
| 13 | NSWindowsCP1253StringEncoding | Greek (Windows) | WINDOWS-1253 |
| 14 | NSWindowsCP1254StringEncoding | Turkish (Windows Latin 5) | WINDOWS-1254 |
| 15 | NSWindowsCP1250StringEncoding | Central European (Windows Latin 2) | WINDOWS-1250 |
| 21 | NSISO2022JPStringEncoding | Japanese (ISO 2022-JP) | ISO-2022-JP |
| 30 | NSMacOSRomanStringEncoding | Western (Mac OS Roman) | MACINTOSH |
| -1677721344 | Unicode (UTF-32LE) | UTF-32LE | |
| -1744830208 | Unicode (UTF-32BE) | UTF-32BE | |
| -1811939072 | Unicode (UTF-16LE) | UTF-16LE | |
| -1879047936 | Unicode (UTF-16BE) | UTF-16BE | |
| -1946156800 | Unicode (UTF-32) | UTF-32 | |
| -2147480574 | Western (EBCDIC Latin 1) | IBM037 | |
| -2147481079 | Traditional Chinese (Big 5-E) | ||
| -2147481080 | Ukrainian (KOI8-U) | KOI8-U | |
| -2147481082 | Traditional Chinese (Big 5 HKSCS) | Big5-HKSCS | |
| -2147481083 | Simplified Chinese (HZ GB 2312) | HZ-GB-2312 | |
| -2147481084 | Western (Mac Mail) | X-MAC-ROMAN-LATIN1 | |
| -2147481085 | Traditional Chinese (Big 5) | BIG5 | |
| -2147481086 | Cyrillic (KOI8-R) | KOI8-R | |
| -2147481087 | Japanese (Shift JIS) | SHIFT_JIS | |
| -2147481280 | Korean (EUC) | EUC-KR | |
| -2147481295 | Traditional Chinese (EUC) | EUC-TW | |
| -2147481296 | Simplified Chinese (EUC) | EUC-CN | |
| -2147481536 | Korean (ISO 2022-KR) | ISO-2022-KR | |
| -2147482062 | Chinese (GB 18030) | GB18030 | |
| -2147482063 | Chinese (GBK) | GBK | |
| -2147482072 | Japanese (Shift JIS X0213) | Shift_JIS | |
| -2147482360 | Vietnamese (Windows) | WINDOWS-1258 | |
| -2147482361 | Baltic Rim (Windows) | WINDOWS-1257 | |
| -2147482362 | Arabic (Windows) | WINDOWS-1256 | |
| -2147482363 | Hebrew (Windows) | WINDOWS-1255 | |
| -2147482589 | Traditional Chinese (Windows | DOS), CP950 | |
| -2147482590 | Korean (Windows | DOS), CP949 | |
| -2147482591 | Simplified Chinese (Windows | DOS), CP936 | |
| -2147482595 | Thai (Windows | DOS), CP874 | |
| -2147482596 | Greek (DOS Greek 2) | IBM869 | |
| -2147482597 | Cyrillic (DOS) | CP866 | |
| -2147482598 | Nordic (DOS) | ||
| -2147482599 | Arabic (DOS) | cp864 | |
| -2147482600 | Canadian French (DOS) | ||
| -2147482601 | Hebrew (DOS) | DOS-862 | |
| -2147482602 | Icelandic (DOS) | CP861 | |
| -2147482603 | Portuguese (DOS) | ||
| -2147482604 | Turkish (DOS) | CP857 | |
| -2147482605 | Cyrillic (DOS) | ||
| -2147482606 | Central European (DOS Latin 2) | CP852 | |
| -2147482607 | Greek (DOS Greek 1) | ||
| -2147482608 | Western (DOS Latin 1) | CP850 | |
| -2147482618 | Baltic Rim (DOS) | CP775 | |
| -2147482619 | Greek (DOS) | CP737 | |
| -2147482624 | Latin-US (DOS) | CP437 | |
| -2147483120 | Romanian (ISO Latin 10) | ISO-8859-16 | |
| -2147483121 | Western (ISO Latin 9) | ISO-8859-15 | |
| -2147483122 | Celtic (ISO Latin 8) | ISO-8859-14 | |
| -2147483123 | Baltic Rim (ISO Latin 7) | ISO-8859-13 | |
| -2147483125 | Thai (ISO 8859-11) | ISO-8859-11 | |
| -2147483126 | Nordic (ISO Latin 6) | ISO-8859-10 | |
| -2147483127 | Turkish (ISO Latin 5) | ISO-8859-9 | |
| -2147483128 | Hebrew (ISO 8859-8) | ISO-8859-8 | |
| -2147483129 | Greek (ISO 8859-7) | ISO-8859-7 | |
| -2147483130 | Arabic (ISO 8859-6) | ISO-8859-6 | |
| -2147483131 | Cyrillic (ISO 8859-5) | ISO-8859-5 | |
| -2147483132 | Central European (ISO Latin 4) | ISO-8859-4 | |
| -2147483133 | Western (ISO Latin 3) | ISO-8859-3 | |
| -2147483412 | Inuit (Mac OS) | ||
| -2147483496 | Cyrillic (Mac OS Ukrainian) | X-MAC-UKRAINIAN | |
| -2147483508 | Farsi (Mac OS) | X-MAC-FARSI | |
| -2147483607 | Keyboard Symbols (Mac OS) | ||
| -2147483608 | Gaelic (Mac OS) | ||
| -2147483609 | Celtic (Mac OS) | ||
| -2147483610 | Romanian (Mac OS) | X-MAC-ROMANIAN | |
| -2147483611 | Icelandic (Mac OS) | X-MAC-ICELANDIC | |
| -2147483612 | Croatian (Mac OS) | X-MAC-CROATIAN | |
| -2147483613 | Turkish (Mac OS) | X-MAC-TURKISH | |
| -2147483614 | Dingbats (Mac OS) | X-MAC-DINGBATS | |
| -2147483619 | Central European (Mac OS) | X-MAC-CENTRALEURROMAN | |
| -2147483622 | Tibetan (Mac OS) | X-MAC-TIBETAN | |
| -2147483623 | Simplified Chinese (Mac OS) | X-MAC-SIMP-CHINESE | |
| -2147483627 | Thai (Mac OS) | X-MAC-THAI | |
| -2147483637 | Gujarati (Mac OS) | X-MAC-GUJARATI | |
| -2147483638 | Gurmukhi (Mac OS) | X-MAC-GURMUKHI | |
| -2147483639 | Devanagari (Mac OS) | X-MAC-DEVANAGARI | |
| -2147483641 | Cyrillic (Mac OS) | X-MAC-CYRILLIC | |
| -2147483642 | Greek (Mac OS) | X-MAC-GREEK | |
| -2147483643 | Hebrew (Mac OS) | X-MAC-HEBREW | |
| -2147483644 | Arabic (Mac OS) | X-MAC-ARABIC | |
| -2147483645 | Korean (Mac OS) | X-MAC-KOREAN | |
| -2147483646 | Traditional Chinese (Mac OS) | X-MAC-TRAD-CHINESE | |
| -2147483647 | Japanese (Mac OS) | X-MAC-JAPANESE |
//Path get the path to MyTestList.plist NSString *path=[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"MyTestList" ofType:@"plist"]; //Next create the dictionary from the contents of the file. NSDictionary *dict=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:path]; //now we can use the items in the file. self.name.text=[dict valueForKey:@"Name"] ; NSLog(@"%@",[dict valueForKey:@"Name"]); self.mydate.text=[dict valueForKey:@"Date"] ; self.debt.text=[dict valueForKey:@"Debt"] ; //change a value. [dict setValue:@"Jimmy" forKey:@"Name"]; //write changes back to file. [dict writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; [dict setObject:@"John" forKey:@"Firstname"]; [dict setObject:@"Doe" forKey:@"Lastname"]; [dict setObject:@"info at objectgraph.com" forKey:@"Email"]; NSLog(@"%@", dict); NSArray *keys = [dict allKeys]; // values in foreach loop for (NSString *key in keys) { NSLog(@"%@ is %@",key, [dict objectForKey:key]); }
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
NSDictionary *dict;
NSEnumerator *enumerator;
id key;
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
@"A beverage prepared by heating cocoa with water/milk",
@"cocoa",
@"http://www.cocoadev.com/",
@"cocoadev",
@"4 : a list (as of items of data or words) stored in a computer for reference (as for information retrieval or word processing)",
@"dictionary",
nil];
// printf("entry for cocoa: %s\n\n",
// [[dict objectForKey:@"cocoa"]cString]);
// Use of the cString method is discouraged ASCII is out Unicode is in.
// Also watch out for [[dict objectForKey:@"cocoa"]cString] notice the
// lack of a space between the receiver and the message.
// And lastly since this is a Cocoa example why not use an NSLog()
NSLog(@"entry for cocoa: %@", [dict objectForKey:@"cocoa"]);
enumerator = [dict keyEnumerator];
while ((key = [enumerator nextObject])) {
//printf("%s : %s\n", [key cString],
// [[dict objectForKey: key] cString]);
NSLog(@"%@ : %@", key, [dict objectForKey:key]);
}
[pool release];
return 0;//NSApplicationMain(argc, argv);
}
+dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:which takes as argument a list of objects (to be considered in couples; the first one is the value, the second is the key); the list is terminated by nil. The following example creates the dictionary used as example in the previous section:
NSDictionary *dict;
dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
@"/opt/picture.png", @"Luca",
@"/home/nico/birthday.png", @"Birthday Photo",
@"/home/nico/birthday.png", @"Birthday Image",
@"/home/marghe/pic.jpg", @"My Sister", nil];
Please note the the keys follow their values rather than preceding them.
NSMutableArray *a = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"Cat", @"Dog", @"Fish", @"Squirrel", @"Bear", @"Turtle", nil]; [a sortUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
NSMutableArray *array; //simply defines a mutable Array array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; //saves memory for the Array and initializes it. arrayCount = [array count]; //counts all objects of this array and puts it into the arrayCount variable [array addObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:15]]; // appends "15" to the (mutable) array arrayVariable = [array objectAtIndex:378]; //returns the 379th Object of the array and puts it into arrayVariable
NSEnumerator * enumerator = [myArray objectEnumerator]; id element; while(element = [enumerator nextObject]) { // Do your thing with the object. NSLog(element); }
NSArray *sortedArray = [myArray2 sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(caseInsensitiveCompare:)]; // This will return a sorted array that looks like [@"bar",@"baz",@"foo"]
// I am using strings, but you can add just about any object to an NSArray // Creates an NSArray with one object NSArray * myArray = [NSArray arrayWithObject:@"foo"]; // Creates an NSArray with multiple objects. Don't forget to add nil as the last object NSArray * myArray2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"foo",@"bar",@"baz",nil]; // Creates an NSArray from another NSArray NSArray * myArray3 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:myArray2]; // This will create an NSArray from data on iCodeBlog. Go ahead and try it out, this file exists on our servers and contains valid data. NSArray * myArray4 = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://my.own.url/foo.plist"]];
// Normal Initialization.
//
NSArray * foo = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"foo",@"bar",@"baz",nil];
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <pthread.h> pthread_t threads[5]; int done[5]; void *thread_main(void *); int main(void) { int i; int rc; int status; printf("pid=%d\n", getpid()); for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { done[i] = 0; pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, &thread_main, (void *)i); printf("%d, %d\n", i, threads[i]); } for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--) { done[i] = 1; rc = pthread_join(threads[i], (void **)&status); /* detach thead에서는 사용할 필요 없다. */ if (rc == 0) { printf("Completed join with thread %d status= %d\n",i, status); } else { printf("ERROR; return code from pthread_join() is %d, thread %d\n", rc, i); return -1; } } return 0; } void *thread_main(void *arg) { int i; double result=0.0; pthread_detach(pthread_self()); /* 쓰레드 분리 */ printf("therad: %d, %d\n", (int)arg, getpid()); while (!done[(int)arg]) { for (i=0; i < 1000000; i++) { result = result + (double)random(); } printf("thread: %d, result = %e\n", (int)arg, result); } pthread_exit((void *) 0); }
pthread_cancel - send a cancellation request to a thread
#include <pthread.h> int pthread_cancel(pthread_t thread); Compile and link with -pthread.
The pthread_cancel() function sends a cancellation request to the thread thread. Whether and when the target thread reacts to the cancellation request depends on two attributes that are under the control of that thread: its cancelability state and type. A thread's cancelability state, determined by pthread_setcancelstate(3), can be enabled (the default for new threads) or disabled. If a thread has disabled cancellation, then a cancellation request remains queued until the thread enables cancellation. If a thread has enabled cancellation, then its cancelability type determines when cancellation occurs. (pthread_cancel) A thread's cancellation type, determined by pthread_setcanceltype(3), may be either asynchronous or deferred (the default for new threads). Asynchronous cancelability means that the thread can be canceled at any time (usually immediately, but the system does not guarantee this). Deferred cancelability means that cancellation will be delayed until the thread next calls a function that is a cancellation point. A list of functions that are or may be cancellation points is provided in pthreads(7). When a cancellation requested is acted on, the following steps occur for thread (in this order): 1. Cancellation clean-up handlers are popped (in the reverse of the order in which they were pushed) and called. (See pthread_cleanup_push(3).) 2. Thread-specific data destructors are called, in an unspecified order. (See pthread_key_create(3).) 3. The thread is terminated. (See pthread_exit(3).) The above steps happen asynchronously with respect to the pthread_cancel() call; the return status of pthread_cancel() merely informs the caller whether the cancellation request was successfully queued. After a canceled thread has terminated, a join with that thread using pthread_join(3) obtains PTHREAD_CANCELED as the thread's exit status. (Joining with a thread is the only way to know that cancellation has completed.)
On success, pthread_cancel() returns 0; on error, it returns a nonzero
error number.
ESRCH No thread with the ID thread could be found.
Example
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <pthread.h> pthread_t threads[5]; int done[5]; void *thread_main(void *); int main(void) { int i; int rc; int status; printf("pid=%d\n", getpid()); for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { done[i] = 0; pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, &thread_main, (void *)i); printf("%d, %d\n", i, threads[i]); } for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--) { rc = pthread_cancel(threads[i]); // if (rc == 0) { // 자동종료 rc = pthread_join(threads[i], (void **)&status); if (rc == 0) { printf("Completed join with thread %d status= %d\n",i, status); } else { printf("ERROR; return code from pthread_join() is %d, thread %d\n", rc, i); return -1; } } } return 0; } void *thread_main(void *arg) { int i; double result=0.0; printf("therad: %d, %d\n", (int)arg, getpid()); while (!done[(int)arg]) { for (i=0; i < 1000000; i++) { result = result + (double)random(); } printf("thread: %d, result = %e\n", (int)arg, result); } pthread_exit((void *) 0); }
A simple pthread example which creates a thread with pthread_create() and
exits with pthread_exit() and pthread_join().
Code for the ptrehad example is listed below.
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <pthread.h> pthread_t threads[5]; int done[5]; void *thread_main(void *); int main(void) { int i; int rc; int status; printf("pid=%d\n", getpid()); for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { done[i] = 0; pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, &thread_main, (void *)i); printf("%d, %d\n", i, threads[i]); } for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--) { done[i] = 1; rc = pthread_join(threads[i], (void **)&status); if (rc == 0) { printf("Completed join with thread %d status= %d\n",i, status); } else { printf("ERROR; return code from pthread_join() is %d, thread %d\n", rc, i); return -1; } } return 0; } void *thread_main(void *arg) { int i; double result=0.0; printf("therad: %d, %d\n", (int)arg, getpid()); while (!done[(int)arg]) { for (i=0; i < 1000000; i++) { result = result + (double)random(); } printf("thread: %d, result = %e\n", (int)arg, result); } pthread_exit((void *) 0); }
#define TEXTURE_WIDTH 512
#define TEXTURE_HEIGHT 512
GLubyte textureArray[TEXTURE_HEIGHT][TEXTURE_WIDTH][4];
glTexImage2D(
GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA,
TEXTURE_WIDTH, TEXTURE_HEIGHT,
0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, textureArray);
for (int i = 0; i < getTexturePixelCount(); i++)
{
textureArray[column][row][0] = (GLubyte)pixelValue1;
textureArray[column][row][1] = (GLubyte)pixelValue2;
textureArray[column][row][2] = (GLubyte)pixelValue3;
textureArray[column][row][3] = (GLubyte)pixelValue4;
}